Truly toxic creatures are crawling in every crevice, 真正有毒的生物在每个缝隙里爬行，
every corner of the planet. 地球的每个角落。
The ocean floor, the desert, your closet. 海底，沙漠，你的衣橱。
But it's not about you. 但这与你无关。
They just want to stay alive. 他们只想活着。
Venom seeps out of their fangs 毒液从他们的尖牙里渗出
or poison surges through their flesh. 或者毒液从他们的肉里涌出。
And, sometimes, a creature wields both weapons. 有时，一个生物会同时使用这两种武器。
Their beauty's undeniable. 他们的美丽是不可否认的。
Their diversity, striking. 它们的多样性，引人注目。
They have both male and female reproductive organs. 它们有雄性和雌性生殖器官。
And the rare ability to breathe through their skin. 以及罕见的通过皮肤呼吸的能力。
They're armed with tiny, toxic grenades. 他们带着有毒的小手榴弹。
And eat poison, to become poison themselves. 吃毒药，变成毒药。
A terrifying alien invader? 一个可怕的外星入侵者？
The freakish result of an experiment gone horribly wrong? 一个实验的奇怪结果出了可怕的错误？
Neither. 也不是。
They're nudibranchs, also known as sea slugs, 它们是裸体动物，也被称为海蛞蝓，
albeit far more stunning than the term slug suggests. 尽管远比slug所说的令人震惊。
There are over 3000 known varieties 已知品种有3000多个
that range from the poles to the tropics. 从两极到热带。
Nudibranchs thrive in diverse ecosystems. 裸鳃类在不同的生态系统中繁衍生息。
Their name is as strange as the reason they have it. 他们的名字和他们得名的原因一样奇怪。
Nudibranch means naked gill. 裸鳃是指裸鳃。
Unlike fish, their gills are on the outside of their body, 不像鱼，它们的鳃在身体外面，
feathery and flowing. 羽毛般柔滑。
They breathe through these external plumes. 它们通过这些外部羽毛呼吸。
These colorful creatures are often finger-sized, 这些五颜六色的生物通常只有手指大小，
although some can be more than a foot long. 虽然有些可以超过一英尺长。
They can drift and twirl in a flamboyant display. 它们可以在华丽的展示中飘荡和旋转。
They have a head, but it's not always easy to find. 他们有头，但不总是容易找到的。
Their two simple eyes are only capable 他们的两只简单的眼睛只能
of detecting light and dark. 探测光明和黑暗。
You'd think predators would easily snap up 你会认为捕食者会很容易抓到
these tiny creatures, but nudibranchs have many ways 这些小动物，但裸体牧场有很多种方式
to defend themselves. 为自己辩护。
Turns out, they don't really need eyes. 结果，他们其实并不需要眼睛。
Instead they have rhinophores. 相反，它们有犀牛。
These antennae-like structures 这些触角状结构
are key to a nudibranch's survival. 是裸体牧场生存的关键。
They sense predators by chemoreception, 它们通过化学反应感知捕食者，
which means they can smell danger. 也就是说他们能闻到危险。
But if and when danger appears, 但当危险出现时，
their flashy colors and patterns are nature's way 它们鲜艳的颜色和图案是大自然的风格
of warning would-be hunters that they're a toxic tidbit. 警告潜在的猎人他们是有毒的小道消息。
Some species are able to transform the poisons 有些物种能够转化毒素
that they ingest, and re-use it as a defense 它们吞下并重新利用它作为防御
by releasing it through their skin. 通过皮肤释放。
Other nudibranchs can defend themselves with their cerata, 其他的裸体牧场可以用它们的塞拉塔来保护自己，
translucent, horn-like growths that extend 半透明的角状生长
from the nudibranchs' body. 从裸体牧场的尸体上。
Inside each one of the appendages is sticky thread 每一个附属物里面都有一条粘线
and poison-filled barbs. 和充满毒药的倒钩。
When predators like fish and crustaceans close in, 当像鱼和甲壳类动物这样的掠食者靠近时，
these defense mechanisms kick in. 这些防御机制开始发挥作用。
Water rushes into the tentacle, pressure builds, 水冲进触手，压力增大，
until the barbed thread shoots outward; 直到带刺的线向外射出；
so fast it can pierce a crab's shell. 它能很快穿透螃蟹的壳。
Not necessarily lethal, 不一定致命，
but it can be enough to make predators think twice. 但这足以让捕食者三思。
But the hunted is also the hunter, 但被猎杀的也是猎人，
and these showy sea slugs are voracious eaters. 这些艳丽的海蛞蝓是贪婪的食客。
They will attack jellyfish, and even other types of sea slugs, 它们会攻击水母，甚至其他种类的海蛞蝓，
but their all time favorite food is coral. 但他们一直最喜欢的食物是珊瑚。
Sensitive to amino acids released by living coral, 对活珊瑚释放的氨基酸敏感，
they move in once they catch the scent. 他们一旦闻到气味就行动起来。
These little jewels are survivors, and an unusual 这些小珠宝是幸存者
mating ritual helps these exquisite creatures thrive. 交配仪式帮助这些精美的生物繁衍生息。
They're equipped with both male and female sex organs. 他们有男女性器官。
When two nudibranchs connect, 当两个裸体分支连接起来，
they cross-fertilize each other and both will bear offspring. 它们相互交叉受精，都会生育后代。
And they do it often. 他们经常这样做。
With just 40 days between generations, 几代人之间只有40天，
it means they can be prolific. 这意味着它们可以多产。
That doesn't mean they're easy to locate. 这并不意味着它们很容易找到。
To most of us, nudibranchs are as extraordinarily alien 对我们大多数人来说，裸体牧场是非常陌生的
as any organism could be. 就像任何有机体一样。
Cold and calculating. 冷酷又算计。
Skilled and stealthy. 熟练而隐蔽。
Specialized Killers. 专门的杀手。
We know them as assassins. 我们知道他们是刺客。
The insect world is full of these cold-hearted killers, 昆虫世界充满了这些冷酷无情的杀手，
where survival is the name of the game. 生存是游戏的名称。
In fact, if you're a predatory insect, 事实上，如果你是食肉昆虫，
you were born to be an assassin. 你生来就是个刺客。
But one bug family in particular 但有一个虫子家族
has earned the name assassin. 获得了刺客的称号。
This extensive family includes 7,000 species. 这个广泛的科包括7000种。
So what sets these killers apart 是什么让这些杀手与众不同
in the brutal insect world 在残暴的昆虫世界里
where murderous mayhem fills every minute of every day? 凶残的混乱充斥着每一天的每一分钟？
They kill with lightning speed. 他们以闪电般的速度杀人。
And they're equipped with deadly venom. 他们身上有致命的毒液。
When assassin bugs go for the kill, they almost never fail. 当刺客虫子去杀人时，他们几乎从不失败。
Some assassin bug species actively hunt. 一些猎蝽物种积极捕猎。
Others lie in wait, and ambush unsuspecting prey. 另一些则埋伏在等待中，伏击毫无戒心的猎物。
Long, front legs pull the victim close with freakish strength. 长长的前腿用怪异的力量把受害者拉近。
A dagger-like proboscis penetrates the exoskeleton. 匕首状的长鼻刺入外骨骼。
A potent and highly complex venom 一种强烈而复杂的毒液
is injected directly into the victim. 直接注射到受害者体内。
Within seconds, cell membranes are destroyed, 几秒钟内，细胞膜就被破坏了，
and paralysis, not death, ends the struggle. 而瘫痪，而不是死亡，结束了这场斗争。
Then, the venom liquefies the insides of the prey, 然后，毒液会液化猎物的内脏，
so that the Assassin bug can suck up the nourishing liquid. 这样刺客虫子就可以吸取营养液了。
Males and females can find their prey 雌雄都能找到猎物
in the forests, scrublands and grasslands in warmer climates 在气候温暖的森林、灌木丛和草原上
on almost any continent. 几乎在任何大陆。
But they're too worldly to settle 但他们太世俗了
for those out of the way places. 对于那些偏僻的地方。
If given the chance, 如果有机会，
assassin bugs will happily move into a house. 刺客虫子会很乐意搬进房子。
There are lots of places to hide, 有很多地方可以隐藏，
and plenty of other insects to feed on in a human home. 还有很多其他的昆虫可以在人类的家里吃。
During the day they keep a low profile, 白天他们保持低调，
but in the dead of night, they emerge from their 但在夜深人静的时候
tiny catacombs and begin the hunt for a meal. 小墓穴和开始寻找一顿饭。
Not another insect, not a pet. 不是别的昆虫，不是宠物。
A human at its most vulnerable: asleep. 最脆弱的人：睡着了。
Human blood straight from the source. 直接从源头流出的人类血液。
These assassin bugs are not the first or the last insect 这些刺客虫子不是第一个也不是最后一个
to lay claim to human flesh. 对人肉提出要求。
Some assassin bugs, the conenose bugs, 一些刺客虫子，柯尼诺斯虫子，
are known for biting humans on the lips. 以咬人的嘴唇而闻名。
Like their cousin, the bedbug, these species 就像他们的表亲，臭虫，这些物种
are attracted to the carbon dioxide humans exhale. 被人类呼出的二氧化碳所吸引。
A ghoulish practice, 一种残忍的行为，
and the reason these assassins are known as kissing bugs. 这些刺客被称为接吻虫的原因。
But a venomous kiss can bring with it 但恶毒的吻会带来
something far more insidious. 更阴险的事。
In the Americas, it can bring Chagas, a parasitic disease. 在美洲，它可以带来一种寄生虫病。
The symptoms are usually mild, and often undetectable, 症状通常很轻微，而且通常无法察觉，
but other times Chagas can cause grave damage to major organs, 但有时恰加斯会对主要器官造成严重损害，
and could lead to death. 可能导致死亡。
An unnerving thought. 令人不安的想法。
Seems like we'd be better off without them. 看来没有他们我们会过得更好。
Strangely enough, it's not that simple. 奇怪的是，事情没那么简单。
Our relationship with these notorious bugs is complicated. 我们和这些臭名昭著的虫子的关系很复杂。
Just like the cold-blooded killers they're named after, 就像他们以冷血杀手的名字命名一样，
these bugs can be commissioned to do our bidding. 这些漏洞可以委托做我们的投标。
They're excellent predators, and their ferocious hunting prowess 它们是很好的捕食者，它们凶猛的捕猎能力
is of great benefit to farmers. 对农民有很大好处。
They exterminate thousands of pests, 他们消灭了成千上万的害虫，
protecting precious crops in the process. 在此过程中保护珍贵作物。
Most species are rarely more than an inch long, 大多数物种的身长很少超过一英寸，
but with their speed and potent venomous attack, 但他们的速度和强大的毒液攻击，
they can kill insects several times their size. 它们能杀死比它们大几倍的昆虫。
Like earwigs, caterpillars and beetles. 像假发，毛毛虫和甲虫。
Like them or not, our entanglement with these 不管喜欢与否，我们与这些
compact killers isn't going away any time soon. 小型杀手不会很快消失的。
As the global temperature warms, they're moving into new regions, 随着全球气温变暖，它们正在进入新的区域，
and they're bringing all of their dangers and benefits 他们带来了所有的危险和好处
with them. 和他们一起。
So good night, sleep tight, and don't let the kissing bugs bite! 所以晚安，睡个好觉，别让接吻的虫子咬了！
Deep below the surface of warm tropical seas, 在温暖的热带海洋深处，
an unlikely killer, 一个不太可能的杀手，
as beautiful as a richly colored nudibranch, 像色彩鲜艳的裸体牧场一样美丽，
makes its way across the ocean floor. 穿过海底。
This is the flamboyant cuttlefish. 这是艳丽的墨鱼。
In the large family Sepiidae, 在庞大的家族中，
that's filled with strange members, it stands out: 里面有很多奇怪的成员，很明显：
for its brilliant iridescent color, 因为它明亮的彩虹色，
for its preference to walk rather than swim, 因为它喜欢走路而不是游泳，
and for the lethal poison it can deliver. 因为它能释放致命的毒药。
But all cuttlefish have one thing in common: 但是所有的乌贼都有一个共同点：
they're considered some of the greatest hunters on earth. 他们被认为是地球上最伟大的猎人之一。
With some 120 species, they traverse the sea-bottom 大约有120种，它们穿越海底
and coral reefs in equal measure. 和珊瑚礁同等重要。
But don't be fooled by their gentle, fluid grace. 但不要被他们温柔、流畅的优雅所愚弄。
Cuttlefish are ruthless, 乌贼是无情的，
with a hoard of weapons in their arsenal. 他们的武器库里有一大堆武器。
These big-brained creatures are highly evolved, 这些大脑袋的生物是高度进化的，
and extremely intelligent. 而且非常聪明。
Being super smart is a big advantage 超级聪明是一大优势
in this marine world of cut-throats. 在这个割喉的海洋世界里。
Cuttlefish learn fast, adapting to new environments 墨鱼学习快，适应新环境
in a heart-beat, to quickly scope out the food supply 在心跳中，迅速找到食物供应
and the best way to get it. 最好的办法。
Their extraordinary eyesight is a weapon unlike any other. 他们非凡的视力是一种与其他人不同的武器。
Two giant eyes, very large in relation to their bodies, 两只巨大的眼睛，相对于身体来说很大，
are sophisticated marvels. 是复杂的奇迹。
Even though cuttlefish are color blind, they can spot 即使墨鱼是色盲的，它们也能发现
details that humans can't even comprehend. 人类甚至无法理解的细节。
Cuttlefish can see in low light but, more impressively, 墨鱼可以在微光下看到，但更令人印象深刻的是，
their eyes can see polarized light, 他们的眼睛可以看到偏振光，
allowing them to detect even the slightest motion. 让他们甚至可以探测到最细微的运动。
All of this serves to better seek out their prey. 所有这些都是为了更好地寻找猎物。
Once its victim is located, the cuttlefish moves in, 一旦找到受害者，乌贼就会进入，
slow and stealthy. 缓慢而隐秘。
What happens next shows just how impressive a predator it is. 接下来发生的事情显示了它是多么令人印象深刻的捕食者。
A pair of sucker-covered feeding-tentacles moves out 一对被吸盘覆盖的触须伸出
of the cuttle mantle lightning fast, 乌贼地幔闪电般快速，
stunning the target, 击昏目标，
then sucking the victim violently back 然后猛吸受害者
into its gaping mouth 伸进它张开的嘴里
For shrimp and crab caught in the crosshairs, 对于被抓在十字准星上的虾和蟹，
the nightmare has just begun. 噩梦刚刚开始。
Waiting in this cuttlefish's mouth is a bone-saw; 在这只乌贼嘴里等着的是一把锯子；
a parrot-like beak 鹦鹉般的嘴
that literally rips its victims apart. 真的把受害者撕开了。
However, for large prey like fish, 然而，对于像鱼这样的大型猎物，
cuttlefish deploy another option: 乌贼部署另一个选项：
toxic saliva that paralyzes their victims 使受害者瘫痪的有毒唾液
long enough for them to be eaten alive. 足够长的时间让他们活着被吃掉。
Oh, and if you think the cuttlefishes' toxic tendencies 哦，如果你认为乌贼的有毒倾向
only works on marine creatures, think again. 只对海洋生物有效，再想想。
Besides having a toxic bite, some species of cuttlefish 除了有毒的叮咬，一些种类的墨鱼
have poisonous flesh that can be deadly if consumed. 有有毒的肉，如果食用会致命。
If ingested by humans, the smallest trace can induce 如果被人类摄取，最小的痕迹可以诱发
respiratory failure, cardiac arrest and sometimes death. 呼吸衰竭，心脏骤停，有时甚至死亡。
But you've got to see them to avoid them. 但你必须看到他们才能避开他们。
And that's no easy task. 这可不容易。
Cuttlefish are shape-shifting masters of disguise, 乌贼是变形的伪装大师，
capable of camouflaging themselves to avoid detection. 能够伪装自己以避免被发现。
When their eyes pick up subtle changes in their environment, 当他们的眼睛察觉到环境的微妙变化时，
it instantly triggers this color-changing mechanism. 它会立即触发这种变色机制。
Covering its body are millions of tiny cells 覆盖它身体的是数百万个微小的细胞
called chromatophores. 叫做色素体。
These cells develop at birth, giving a cutlet the power 这些细胞在出生时就开始发育，产生了
to blend into its surroundings from the beginning. 从一开始就融入周围环境。
Like pixels on a computer screen, these electrified cells 就像电脑屏幕上的像素，这些带电的细胞
allow cuttlefish to change color 让墨鱼变色
and disappear into their environment. 然后消失在他们的环境中。
Concealed from view, the camo-wearing killer 穿迷彩服的杀手
lies in wait, the victim hopelessly outmatched. 在等待中，受害者无可救药地超过了。
In a final bizarre twist, the cuttlefish 在最后一个奇怪的转折，乌贼
can also radically change its physical appearance. 也能从根本上改变它的外表。
By contracting muscles on its skin it can fool 它能通过收缩皮肤上的肌肉来愚弄人
victims and predators alike into thinking it's kelp or coral. 受害者和捕食者都认为是海带或珊瑚。
Despite its formidable arsenal, 尽管有强大的武器库，
the cuttlefish does have enemies. 乌贼确实有敌人。
Its meat is a tasty treat for sharks, seals and dolphins. 它的肉是鲨鱼、海豹和海豚的美味佳肴。
And in those rare moments when the hunter is hunted, 当猎人被猎杀的时候，
the cuttlefish knows when to cut and run. 乌贼知道什么时候该切什么时候该跑。
It can flee with enormous speed, leaving only an inky trace. 它能以极快的速度逃走，只留下一个模糊的痕迹。
Meet the giant red-headed centipede. 遇见了巨大的红头蜈蚣。
Actually, you probably don't want to. 实际上，你可能不想。
It's one of the nastiest invertebrates 它是最肮脏的无脊椎动物之一
in the American southwest. 在美国西南部。
And it's got legs to die for. 它有腿可供选择。
That's terrible news for this unsuspecting cricket. 这对这只毫无戒心的蟋蟀来说是个可怕的消息。
In a battle for survival, the cricket doesn't stand a chance. 在为生存而战中，蟋蟀是没有机会的。
The giant red-headed centipede is actually only 7 inches long, 巨大的红头蜈蚣实际上只有7英寸长，
but it has an enormous presence. 但它的存在是巨大的。
It's got a very tough shell and 42 sharp and sticky legs, 它有一个非常坚硬的外壳和42条又尖又粘的腿，
but most importantly, 但最重要的是，
it has venom that delivers a knock-out punch. 它有毒液，能发出致命的一击。
As the cricket is about to discover. 正如蟋蟀即将发现的那样。
Oblivious, it lingers. 不经意间，它挥之不去。
And the centipede waits and watches. 蜈蚣等着看。
Or it appears to be watching. 或者它似乎在观察。
Although the centipede has 8 eye clusters on its head 虽然蜈蚣的头上有8个眼睛团
with 200 little eyes each, 每只眼睛有200个小眼睛，
the centipede can only detect light and dark. 蜈蚣只能探测光明和黑暗。
Another sensory organ proves to be more useful: chemoreceptors, 另一个感觉器官更有用：化学感受器，
conveniently located in the centipede's antennae, 位于蜈蚣触角的便利位置，
detect the chemical traces emitted by its prey. 探测猎物发出的化学痕迹。
All the better to smell you with, my dear. 最好能闻到你的味道，亲爱的。
When the right moment comes, the centipede pounces. 当合适的时机到来时，蜈蚣会扑过来。
And with those appendages, resistance is futile. 有了这些附属物，抵抗是徒劳的。
The centipede's legs are a straitjacket 蜈蚣的腿是紧身衣
from which no insect can escape. 任何昆虫都逃不掉的地方。
And it uses as many legs as it needs. 它需要多少腿就用多少。
Once the cricket is secured, it's time for the coup de grace: 一旦板球安全，是时候发动政变了：
potent venom. 强大的毒液。
And it's there, at the ready. 它就在那里，准备好了。
The centipede's first pair of legs 蜈蚣的第一双腿
are actually venom-filled fangs. 实际上是毒牙。
The poison is rich in neurotoxins. 这种毒药含有丰富的神经毒素。
Its prey is immediately paralyzed. 它的猎物立即瘫痪。
The centipede's powerful jaws easily break through 蜈蚣有力的下颚很容易折断
the cricket's shell. 蟋蟀的壳。
Wasting no time, it goes straight for the abdomen. 不用浪费时间，它直接进入腹部。
Cracking it open, the centipede gets a pleasant surprise: 打开它，蜈蚣得到了一个惊喜：
eggs - unborn crickets. 卵-未出生的蟋蟀。
Yum! 好极了！
The centipede uses its palps like chopsticks 蜈蚣用它的触须像筷子一样
to feast on the protein-rich eggs. 吃富含蛋白质的鸡蛋。
It's an easy meal. 这是一顿简单的饭。
With the weapons it possesses, 用它拥有的武器，
most meals come easily to the giant centipede. 大多数食物都很容易被蜈蚣吃掉。
Even bigger and stronger prey. 更大更强的猎物。
Because of its venom, it can paralyze and consume 因为它的毒液，它可以麻痹和消耗
much larger animals such as lizards, rodents and frogs. 更大的动物，如蜥蜴、啮齿动物和青蛙。
So the leggy creature has no problem being aggressive 所以这个长腿的家伙毫无疑问是好斗的
when it's hungry. 当它饿的时候。
Once the centipede bites, a combination of intense pain 一旦蜈蚣咬伤，一种剧烈的疼痛
and paralysis immobilizes its prey. 麻痹使猎物不能活动。
Despite its ferocity, the giant red-headed centipede 尽管凶猛，巨大的红头蜈蚣
doesn't always prevail. 并不总是占上风。
It can become prey too. 它也可能成为猎物。
Birds, mammals, and even other centipedes will try their luck. 鸟类，哺乳动物，甚至其他蜈蚣都会试试运气。
Their bright colors are meant to be a clear signal 它们明亮的颜色是一个清晰的信号
to predators to stay away. 让捕食者远离。
The smart ones do. 聪明的人会的。
But for those that don't, 但对于那些没有的人，
the giant centipede has yet another trick. 巨大的蜈蚣还有另一个把戏。
Its tail looks like its head. 它的尾巴看起来像它的头。
The would-be predator has a tough choice. 潜在的捕食者有一个艰难的选择。
Bite the wrong end, 咬错了头，
and the predator itself risks being bitten. 捕食者本身也有被咬的危险。
And death is almost certain. 死亡几乎是肯定的。
It makes for a deadly dinnertime gamble. 这是一场致命的晚餐赌博。
Alas, humans aren't immune to centipede venom either. 唉，人类对蜈蚣的毒液也没有免疫力。
Although most bites only cause sharp pain and swelling, 虽然大多数咬伤只会引起剧痛和肿胀，
for those allergic to its venom, a bite can be fatal. 对于那些对它的毒液过敏的人来说，咬一口是致命的。
There's a little-known story of a confederate soldier. 有一个鲜为人知的南方军士兵的故事。
A giant red-headed centipede walked over his chest 一只巨大的红头蜈蚣从他胸前走过
while he was sleeping, its legs piercing the soldier's flesh. 他睡觉时，它的腿刺穿了士兵的肉。
Swelling, intense pain and convulsions followed, 随后出现肿胀、剧烈疼痛和抽搐，
and the soldier died just two days later. 两天后那个士兵就死了。
With the ability to disable and kill much larger animals, 有能力杀死更大的动物，
the giant red-headed centipede 巨大的红头蜈蚣
is a confident and accomplished predator. 是一个自信和有成就的捕食者。
If you see one, beware! 如果你看到了，当心！
It's one of the most venomous invertebrates in the world. 它是世界上最毒的无脊椎动物之一。
Venom and poison - 毒液和毒液-
some of nature's deadliest chemical weapons. 一些自然界最致命的化学武器。
Some victims face a gruesome end. 一些受害者面临可怕的结局。
For others, it's a nasty blow. 对其他人来说，这是一个严重的打击。
But it's not personal. 但这不是针对个人的。
These toxic brutes will do whatever it takes 这些有毒的畜生会不惜一切代价
to find a meal and to survive. 为了找到食物和生存。